macOS安装lxml报错'Python.h' file not found

背景

macOS环境：Ventura 13.0 (Apple Silicon)

Python版本：3.9.6

lxml是笔者常用的html内容解析库。但笔者在macOS上安装lxml时碰到了如下报错：

pip3 install lxml

...
src/lxml/etree.c:96:10: fatal error: 'Python.h' file not found
      #include "Python.h"
               ^~~~~~~~~~
...

这篇文章简单记录下解决方案。

解决方案

1. 找到Python.h文件所处位置：

   sudo find / -iname "Python.h"

   ...
   /Library/Developer/CommandLineTools/Library/Frameworks/Python3.framework/Versions/3.9/Headers/Python.h
   /Library/umad/Python.framework/Versions/3.8/include/python3.8/Python.h
   /Library/Crypt/Python.framework/Versions/3.8/include/python3.8/Python.h
   ...

2. 笔者使用的Python版本为3.9，将对应版本的文件夹设置到环境变量中：

   export C_INCLUDE_PATH=/Library/Developer/CommandLineTools/Library/Frameworks/Python3.framework/Versions/3.9/Headers/

3. 重新安装，搞定

   ...
   Successfully built lxml
   Installing collected packages: lxml
   Successfully installed lxml-4.9.2

引用

macos - fatal error: ‘Python.h’ file not found while installing opencv - Stack Overflow